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年代用采样器和廉价鼓机制作，音色粗糙、低频突出；后来加入更清晰的混音。","vocal":"祖鲁语、索托语和英语混合的口号式半唱半说，男声为主，常搭配女声合唱。","structure":"主歌是口号式喊话，副歌是重复的合唱口号，中段留一个只有贝斯和鼓的空档。"},"keywordsZh":["夸伊托","南非","慢速浩室","合成器低音","口号式人声","城镇","约翰内斯堡"],"keywordsEn":["kwaito","south african township house","slowed house","deep synth bass","chanted vocals","zulu slang","soweto party","100 bpm groove","kwaito bounce","90s south african dance"],"making":"写 kwaito, slow south african house, deep synth bass, chanted vocals in zulu, 105 bpm；想要更现代的版本加 amapiano influence。","works":[{"title":"Kaffir","artist":"Arthur Mafokate","year":1995,"pv":{"id":1512414277,"u":"https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview115/v4/85/ba/fd/85bafda1-c0b7-0641-ca08-d3e1fe8785c0/mzaf_15345905781612779688.plus.aac.p.m4a","l":"https://music.apple.com/ng/album/kaffir-radio-mix/1512413945?i=1512414277&uo=4","art":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music113/v4/d9/6e/b3/d96eb383-fab4-23e5-a9e4-f298ce15f130/886448471486.jpg/100x100bb.jpg","t":"Kaffir (Radio Mix)","a":"Arthur","c":"ng"}},{"title":"Halloween","artist":"TKZee","year":1998,"pv":{"id":382577229,"u":"https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview221/v4/91/71/2d/91712dbf-d79a-ecc9-6d5c-da9f467143ec/mzaf_6570763851431001759.plus.aac.p.m4a","l":"https://music.apple.com/ng/album/dlala-mapantsula/382577212?i=382577229&uo=4","art":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music221/v4/d9/e1/44/d9e144a6-8415-9aff-ee0b-876fbb33451f/888880980205.jpg/100x100bb.jpg","t":"Dlala 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(Remastered)","a":"Don Azpiazu","c":"jm"}},{"title":"Chan Chan","artist":"Buena Vista Social Club","year":1997,"pv":{"id":1716598344,"u":"https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview221/v4/6e/c3/0c/6ec30c1a-0458-6ecf-9c9d-8cefa4e45714/mzaf_13929773776901713828.plus.aac.p.m4a","l":"https://music.apple.com/jm/album/chan-chan/1716598034?i=1716598344&uo=4","art":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music116/v4/5a/93/8b/5a938b3e-a74d-9c8b-dcf1-c9c1f83498da/4050538455618.jpg/100x100bb.jpg","t":"Chan Chan","a":"Buena Vista Social Club","c":"jm"}}],"related":["salsa","cha-cha-cha","bolero","clave","latin-jazz","tresillo"],"visual":[],"beat":{"bpm":104,"steps":16,"swing":0,"kit":"latin","drums":{"k":"","s":"","c":"","h":"","o":"","r":"","p":"x..x..x...x.x...","t":"x.o.x.o.x.o.x.o."},"bass":{"type":"upright","pat":"......1-----5---"},"chords":{"type":"guitar","prog":"I IV V 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年代的现场录音，铜管靠前、打击乐清晰，整体亮而干；美国爵士乐团也有参与。","vocal":"西班牙语或英文，曼波多纯器乐加呼喊，恰恰常有轻柔的男声领唱与合唱。","structure":"先有一段铜管或弦乐的主题，再进入蒙图诺与独奏段落，最后以整齐的重音收尾。"},"keywordsZh":["恰恰","曼波","康加鼓","牛铃","长笛","铜管爆发","古巴舞曲"],"keywordsEn":["cha-cha-cha","mambo","charanga flute","conga and cowbell","guiro scrape","brass stabs","piano montuno","1950s havana ballroom","latin dance","timbales"],"making":"写 mambo, big band brass, congas, timbales, piano montuno, 1950s；想要恰恰风格，写 cha-cha-cha, charanga, flute, violins, guiro, medium tempo。","works":[{"title":"Mambo No. 5","artist":"Pérez Prado","year":1949,"pv":{"id":261847378,"u":"https://audio-ssl.itunes.apple.com/itunes-assets/AudioPreview125/v4/4a/62/17/4a62175c-d5b8-fc77-42a7-c26d9b86b7e2/mzaf_12763991712622173402.plus.aac.p.m4a","l":"https://music.apple.com/jm/album/mambo-no-5/261847239?i=261847378&uo=4","art":"https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Music/ba/2c/11/mzi.hkzxorie.jpg/100x100bb.jpg","t":"Mambo No. 5","a":"Dámaso Pérez Prado","c":"jm"}},{"title":"La 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等老鼓采样，花样很多","drum-and-bass":"规整的两步鼓型，军鼓落在二、四拍","liquid-dnb":"同样的两步鼓型，但更轻、更顺"}},{"aspect":"低音","items":{"jungle":"雷鬼式的深沉低音线","drum-and-bass":"里斯贝斯、失谐的锯齿波，颗粒感强","liquid-dnb":"圆润的低音，跟着和弦走"}},{"aspect":"情绪","items":{"jungle":"地下、粗粝、复古","drum-and-bass":"紧张、速度感强","liquid-dnb":"温暖、轻盈，适合专注和开车"}}]},{"id":"trap-drill","order":4,"title":"陷阱说唱和钻头说唱","oneLine":"都用 808 和三连音踩镲，钻头说唱的军鼓更切分，滑音 808 像在和人声对话。","ids":["trap","drill"],"tip":"听军鼓的位置：陷阱说唱的军鼓稳稳落在第三拍，钻头说唱的军鼓提前或推后半拍，整体听起来更晃、更有压迫感。","points":[{"aspect":"军鼓","items":{"trap":"半速，落在每小节第三拍","drill":"切分，常在第三拍前后错位"}},{"aspect":"808","items":{"trap":"长音为主，偶尔滑音","drill":"频繁上下滑音，几乎是一条旋律"}},{"aspect":"气质","items":{"trap":"阴暗但带享乐感","drill":"冷硬、紧张、街头感更重"}}]},{"id":"garage-future","order":5,"title":"英式车库和未来车库","oneLine":"都用跳动的 2-step 鼓型，一个是 90 年代末夜店里的欢快舞曲，一个是 2010 年前后深夜独处的氛围电子。","ids":["uk-garage","future-garage"],"tip":"听人声：英式车库的人声是清晰完整的 R&B 演唱，未来车库的人声被切碎、调音、泡在混响里，像隔着雾听到的。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"uk-garage":"130 到 138 BPM，跳跃","future-garage":"130 到 140 BPM，但听着更慢"}},{"aspect":"质感","items":{"uk-garage":"干净、明亮，钢琴和弦乐采样","future-garage":"黑胶底噪、雨声、大混响，朦胧"}},{"aspect":"场景","items":{"uk-garage":"派对和夜店","future-garage":"深夜一个人戴耳机"}}]},{"id":"synth-80s","order":6,"title":"合成器流行、新浪潮和合成器浪潮","oneLine":"前两个是 80 年代本身，合成器浪潮是 2010 年代对 80 年代的回望和放大。","ids":["synth-pop","new-wave","synthwave"],"tip":"新浪潮还有吉他和朋克的劲，合成器流行几乎全是合成器和鼓机，合成器浪潮常是纯器乐，琶音和门限混响军鼓夸张到电影配乐的程度。","points":[{"aspect":"年代","items":{"synth-pop":"1980 年代","new-wave":"1978 到 1985 年前后","synthwave":"2005 年后兴起，2010 年代流行"}},{"aspect":"乐器","items":{"synth-pop":"合成器主导，鼓机","new-wave":"吉他、贝斯和合成器并重","synthwave":"模拟合成器琶音、大军鼓、宽阔铺底"}},{"aspect":"人声","items":{"synth-pop":"流行演唱，副歌明确","new-wave":"冷淡、带点怪趣味的演唱","synthwave":"多为纯音乐"}}]},{"id":"chill-beats","order":7,"title":"Boom Bap、低保真嘻哈和神游舞曲","oneLine":"都是慢速、采样、带点灰尘感的节拍，用处和情绪差得很远。","ids":["boom-bap","lofi-hip-hop","trip-hop"],"tip":"Boom Bap 的鼓又重又硬，是给说唱用的；低保真嘻哈把鼓压扁、加黑胶底噪，是给学习用的；神游舞曲更暗、更有电影感，常有女声。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"boom-bap":"85 到 95 BPM","lofi-hip-hop":"70 到 90 BPM","trip-hop":"70 到 100 BPM"}},{"aspect":"鼓","items":{"boom-bap":"响亮的底鼓和军鼓，有摇摆","lofi-hip-hop":"柔和、发闷，摇摆明显","trip-hop":"慢而沉，常是采样的碎拍"}},{"aspect":"情绪","items":{"boom-bap":"硬朗、街头","lofi-hip-hop":"松弛、怀旧","trip-hop":"阴郁、迷离"}}]},{"id":"jamaica","order":8,"title":"斯卡、雷鬼和达布","oneLine":"牙买加音乐的三代：斯卡快而欢，雷鬼慢下来，达布把雷鬼拆开重新混音。","ids":["ska","reggae","dub"],"tip":"三者都把吉他或钢琴弹在反拍上。听速度和人声：斯卡最快，铜管多；雷鬼中速、有完整演唱；达布几乎去掉人声，只剩鼓、贝斯和大量回声。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"ska":"快，约 110 到 140 BPM","reggae":"慢，约 60 到 90 BPM","dub":"慢，约 60 到 80 BPM"}},{"aspect":"重点","items":{"ska":"跳跃的反拍和铜管","reggae":"One Drop 鼓型和深沉贝斯","dub":"混音台上的回声、混响和突然抽空"}},{"aspect":"年代","items":{"ska":"1960 年代初","reggae":"1968 年后","dub":"1970 年代初"}}]},{"id":"afro-confusion","order":9,"title":"非洲节拍和非洲流行节拍","oneLine":"名字只差一个 s。前者是 70 年代 Fela Kuti 的长篇乐队音乐，后者是 2010 年代起风靡全球的尼日利亚、加纳流行舞曲。","ids":["afrobeat","afrobeats"],"tip":"听时长和乐器：非洲节拍一首常十几分钟，有大编制铜管和政治性歌词；非洲流行节拍是三四分钟的流行歌，鼓机、合成器和轻快的人声。","points":[{"aspect":"编制","items":{"afrobeat":"真乐队：铜管组、吉他、手鼓、架子鼓","afrobeats":"电脑制作：鼓机、合成器、沙锤"}},{"aspect":"长度","items":{"afrobeat":"常在 10 分钟以上","afrobeats":"3 分钟左右"}},{"aspect":"气质","items":{"afrobeat":"律动层层叠加，带抗议精神","afrobeats":"轻快、性感、适合跳舞"}}]},{"id":"latin-dance","order":10,"title":"雷鬼动、舞厅雷鬼和非洲流行节拍","oneLine":"三种当下最常见的热带舞曲，节奏型很像，出处和律动重心不同。","ids":["reggaeton","dancehall","afrobeats"],"tip":"雷鬼动几乎永远是「咚—嗒咚嗒」的 dembow 鼓型；舞厅雷鬼的鼓型更多变、贝斯更突出；非洲流行节拍的军鼓更碎，沙锤和打击乐更密。","points":[{"aspect":"鼓型","items":{"reggaeton":"固定的 dembow：3+3+2 切分","dancehall":"多种 riddim，鼓型轮换","afrobeats":"切分军鼓加密集沙锤"}},{"aspect":"语言","items":{"reggaeton":"西班牙语","dancehall":"牙买加克里奥尔英语","afrobeats":"英语、约鲁巴语、皮钦语"}},{"aspect":"速度","items":{"reggaeton":"88 到 100 BPM","dancehall":"90 到 110 BPM","afrobeats":"95 到 115 BPM"}}]},{"id":"dreamy-guitars","order":11,"title":"自赏、梦幻流行和后摇","oneLine":"都用大量混响和吉他效果营造空间感，差别在有没有歌、吵不吵。","ids":["shoegaze","dream-pop","post-rock"],"tip":"自赏是一堵很响的失真吉他墙，人声被埋在里面；梦幻流行更轻、更清楚，像慢速的流行歌；后摇通常没有人声，靠长时间的渐强讲故事。","points":[{"aspect":"音量","items":{"shoegaze":"很响，层层失真","dream-pop":"柔和、干净","post-rock":"从极安静慢慢推到极响"}},{"aspect":"人声","items":{"shoegaze":"气声，埋在吉他里","dream-pop":"清晰的轻柔女声为主","post-rock":"多为纯器乐"}},{"aspect":"结构","items":{"shoegaze":"流行歌结构","dream-pop":"流行歌结构","post-rock":"长篇、渐强、没有副歌"}}]},{"id":"brazil","order":12,"title":"桑巴和波萨诺瓦","oneLine":"波萨诺瓦是 50 年代末从桑巴里长出来的：把狂欢节的鼓群换成一把吉他和轻声低唱。","ids":["samba","bossa-nova"],"tip":"听打击乐：桑巴有一整排鼓和沙锤，热闹；波萨诺瓦只有吉他拨出桑巴的节奏，加上很轻的鼓刷，像在客厅里。","points":[{"aspect":"编制","items":{"samba":"苏尔多大鼓、小军鼓、铃鼓、cavaquinho 小吉他","bossa-nova":"尼龙弦吉他、低声演唱、鼓刷、偶尔有钢琴和弦乐"}},{"aspect":"和声","items":{"samba":"简单的大调进行","bossa-nova":"受爵士影响的复杂七和弦、九和弦"}},{"aspect":"场景","items":{"samba":"狂欢节、街头游行","bossa-nova":"咖啡馆、酒店大堂、安静的晚上"}}]},{"id":"punk-family","order":13,"title":"朋克、流行朋克和后朋克","oneLine":"同一个源头的三个方向：朋克要快和吵，流行朋克加了旋律和副歌，后朋克转向冷峻和实验。","ids":["punk","pop-punk","post-punk"],"tip":"后朋克最好认：贝斯在前面弹旋律，吉他冷而尖，鼓像舞曲一样稳；流行朋克一听就有能跟着唱的大副歌。","points":[{"aspect":"吉他","items":{"punk":"三个和弦的快速强力和弦","pop-punk":"饱满的强力和弦，副歌爆发","post-punk":"干净、尖锐、带延迟效果的单音线"}},{"aspect":"贝斯","items":{"punk":"跟着根音快速八分音符","pop-punk":"跟着根音","post-punk":"高把位的旋律线，常是主角"}},{"aspect":"情绪","items":{"punk":"愤怒、粗粝","pop-punk":"青春、躁动、带点委屈","post-punk":"冷峻、焦虑、阴郁"}}]},{"id":"calm-textures","order":14,"title":"氛围音乐、嗡鸣和新世纪","oneLine":"都几乎没有节拍，适合当背景，但一个讲空间，一个讲持续的声音本身，一个讲疗愈。","ids":["ambient","drone","new-age"],"tip":"新世纪有清楚的旋律和和弦，常配自然声；氛围音乐只给出空间和色彩；嗡鸣几乎只有一个长音，在细微变化里待很久。","points":[{"aspect":"旋律","items":{"ambient":"很少，碎片式","drone":"几乎没有","new-age":"清楚、柔和"}},{"aspect":"用途","items":{"ambient":"让环境变得可以聆听","drone":"深度聆听、冥想、实验","new-age":"放松、瑜伽、按摩"}},{"aspect":"代表","items":{"ambient":"Brian Eno","drone":"La Monte Young","new-age":"Enya、喜多郎"}}]},{"id":"noise-colors","order":15,"title":"白噪音、粉噪音和褐噪音","oneLine":"三种都是没有旋律的沙沙声，区别在高频和低频的比例。","ids":["white-noise","pink-noise","brown-noise"],"tip":"白噪音像电视雪花，最刺；粉噪音像均匀的雨声，比较耐听；褐噪音像远处的瀑布或飞机舱，最低沉。","points":[{"aspect":"听感","items":{"white-noise":"明亮、尖，像漏气","pink-noise":"均衡，像中雨","brown-noise":"低沉、厚，像轰鸣"}},{"aspect":"常见用途","items":{"white-noise":"遮蔽说话声、婴儿安抚","pink-noise":"专注、睡眠背景","brown-noise":"深度专注、长时间佩戴耳机"}}]},{"id":"extreme-metal","order":16,"title":"死亡金属、黑金属和厄运金属","oneLine":"三种极端金属，一个重在低沉和技术，一个重在冷冽和速度，一个重在缓慢和沉重。","ids":["death-metal","black-metal","doom-metal"],"tip":"听人声和速度：死亡金属是低吼加复杂快速的乐句；黑金属是尖利的嘶叫加高速震音拨弦、录音偏粗糙；厄运金属慢得像在拖着走。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"death-metal":"快，常有爆破鼓","black-metal":"很快，爆破鼓加震音拨弦","doom-metal":"很慢，常在 60 BPM 上下"}},{"aspect":"人声","items":{"death-metal":"低沉喉音","black-metal":"高而尖的嘶叫","doom-metal":"悠长的演唱或低吼"}},{"aspect":"氛围","items":{"death-metal":"凶猛、技术性强","black-metal":"冷冽、空旷、带仪式感","doom-metal":"压抑、沉重、绝望"}}]},{"id":"showa-pop","order":17,"title":"演歌、歌谣曲和城市流行","oneLine":"日本昭和时代的三种流行乐，从传统哀愁一路走向都市摩登。","ids":["enka","kayokyoku","city-pop"],"tip":"演歌靠颤音转音和小调五声音阶唱离别与乡愁；歌谣曲是西洋编曲的大众流行歌；城市流行加进了放克贝斯、电钢琴和爵士和弦，听起来像都市夜晚。","points":[{"aspect":"唱法","items":{"enka":"大量颤音和转音（こぶし）","kayokyoku":"清楚的流行演唱","city-pop":"轻松、带一点 R&B 味道"}},{"aspect":"编曲","items":{"enka":"管弦乐、日本音阶","kayokyoku":"西洋管弦乐与电声乐队","city-pop":"放克贝斯、电钢琴、铜管"}},{"aspect":"年代","items":{"enka":"1960 年代成形","kayokyoku":"二战后到 1980 年代","city-pop":"1970 年代末到 80 年代"}}]},{"id":"retro-internet","order":18,"title":"蒸汽波、未来放克和合成器浪潮","oneLine":"三种都在回望 80 年代，做法和情绪各不相同。","ids":["vaporwave","future-funk","synthwave"],"tip":"蒸汽波把旧采样放慢、加混响，听起来恍惚又失落；未来放克把日本城市流行采样切开、加快，配四拍底鼓，听着欢快；合成器浪潮是新写的 80 年代电影感合成器乐。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"vaporwave":"慢，常被刻意降速","future-funk":"快，约 115 到 125 BPM","synthwave":"中速，约 80 到 120 BPM"}},{"aspect":"素材","items":{"vaporwave":"商场音乐、广告、老流行歌采样","future-funk":"日本城市流行和动画歌采样","synthwave":"原创的模拟合成器演奏"}},{"aspect":"情绪","items":{"vaporwave":"怀旧、空洞、讽刺","future-funk":"明亮、跳跃","synthwave":"夜晚、驾驶、霓虹感"}}]},{"id":"trap-branches","order":19,"title":"陷阱说唱、Plugg 和 Rage","oneLine":"都从陷阱说唱的 808 和踩镲出发，Plugg 往软和梦幻走，Rage 往吵和刺激走。","ids":["trap","plugg","rage"],"tip":"Plugg 的旋律是柔和的方波、钟琴，踩镲稀疏；Rage 用失真的超级锯齿波主音，像电子舞曲一样亮和吵。","points":[{"aspect":"主音色","items":{"trap":"阴暗的钟琴、弦乐","plugg":"柔和的方波和钟琴","rage":"失真的超级锯齿波"}},{"aspect":"情绪","items":{"trap":"阴暗、紧张","plugg":"轻飘、梦幻","rage":"亢奋、混乱"}}]},{"id":"trance-psy","order":20,"title":"迷幻舞曲和迷幻出神","oneLine":"中文名很像，前者靠大旋律和长渐进，后者靠滚动贝斯和迷幻音效。","ids":["trance","psytrance"],"tip":"迷幻舞曲有清楚的主旋律和长长的间断段；迷幻出神几乎没有主旋律，十六分音符的滚动贝斯推着走，上面盘旋着扭曲的电子音效。","points":[{"aspect":"速度","items":{"trance":"130 到 140 BPM","psytrance":"138 到 148 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